1. Frequently Asked Questions

1. Fundamental Principles of Brakes
2. Cycle of Heat Energy
3. Basic Brake System
4. Brake Fade
5. The Disc Brake
6. Brake Pad
7. Electronic Parking Brake
8. TRAC, EBD, Brake Assist and VSC

1. How to Improve your Fuel Economy

1. Tire Side Wall
2. Only Replacing Two Tires?
3. Elements of a Tire
4. The Effects of Over and Under Inflation
5. Visual Tire Wear Inspection Items
6. Tire Pressure Monitoring System
7. Tire Pressure Monitoring Tools
8. Frequently Asked Questions

1. Diagram
2. Blinking Park Light
3. Frequently Asked Questions

Computer System

1. Hybrid Driving Modes
2. ECO Mode
3. EV Mode
4. Smart Entry and Ignition key
5. Smart Ignition Components
6. Push Button Start System Diagram
7. Bluetooth
8. Bluetooth Phone Compatibility
9. Bluetooth Pairing
10. Making Calls With Voice Recognition
11. Hard Disk Drive
12. Sound Library
13. Dynamic Radar Cruise Control
14. Follow-Up Control
15. Acceleration Control

Navigation

1. Toyota Navigation
2. Navigation ECU
3. Global Positioning System
4. Map Matching
5. Dead Reckoning
6. NavTraffic
7. Destination Menu
8. HomeLink

Audio Control

1. CD Audio Recording
2. Audio Playback
3. Manage Albums

1. Compression and Expansion
2. Cooling System Components
3. Vaporization, Condensation, Compression, and Expansion
4. Steering System Basics
5. Power Assist Steering Systems
6. Fundamental Hydraulics
7. VDIM Overview
8. Advanced Parking Guidance Systems
9. Frequently Asked Questions

1. Toyota 2010, 2011 and 2012 Oil Change Intervals

Frequently Asked Questions

How does a battery work?
A battery stores energy in chemical form that can be released on demand as electricity. This electrical power is used by the cars ignition system for cranking the engine. The car's battery also may power the lights and other accessories. Should the alternator belt fail, the battery might also need to power the vehicle's entire electrical system for a short period of time.

What should I consider when buying a battery?
SIZE: What are the size dimensions of your original battery. POWER: See what your dealer recommends and check the power of your original battery. WARRANTY: See what automotive batteries are backed by a warranty package. Chose what is right for your vehicle's needs.

What can excessive heat do to a battery?
Hot temperatures will deteriorate a battery's life quicker by evaporating the water from the electrolyte, and corroding and weakening the positive grids.

When I am replacing my battery, why is it important to remove the ground wire first?
Before you begin, check the type of grounding system the vehicle has. If you remove the positive connector first in a negative ground system, you risk the chance of creating a spark. If you are working near the battery when this occurs, it could potentially create an ignition source that could cause the battery to explode. It's important to be aware that this scenario is possible and it's very important to remove the ground source first.

When my car won't start, how do I know for sure if my battery really needs to be replaced?
Many variables can keep a vehicle from starting, its important to do some troubleshooting. We offer battery testing free of charge please contact us today for more information.

*CALL OUR PARTS DEPARTMENT AT 800.270.0679 OR CLICK HERE FOR PRICE AND AVAILABILITY.

Back to the top <<

Fundamental Principles of Brakes

The most important safety feature of an automobile is its brake system. The ability of a brake system to safely and repeatedly stop the vehicle is key to safe motoring. A clear understanding of the brake system is essential for anyone involved in servicing Toyota vehicles.

The basic principle of brake operation is the conversion of energy. Energy is the ability to do work. The most familiar forms of energy in automotive use are chemical, electrical, and mechanical. For example, starting an engine involves several conversions. Chemical energy in the battery is converted to electrical energy in the starter. Electrical energy is converted to mechanical energy in the starter as it cranks the engine.

Back to the top <<

Cycle of Heat energy

Burning hydrocarbons and oxygen in the engine creates heat energy. Nothing can destroy energy; it can only be converted into another form of energy. Heat energy is converted into kinetic energy as the vehicle is put into motion. Kinetic energy is a fundamental form of mechanical energy; it is the energy of mass in motion.

Kinetic energy increases in direct proportion to weight increase, so if you double the weight, you double the kinetic energy. The increase in kinetic energy as it relates to speed is the square of the speed, so if speed is doubled, kinetic energy increases by a factor of four. If we triple the speed, kinetic energy is increased by nine times. This means that the heavier the vehicle and the faster the speed, the greater the kinetic energy that the brakes have to convert back to heat to bring the vehicle to a stop.

Friction is the resistance to movement between two objects in contact with each other. It also converts the energy of motion to heat. If we allow the vehicle to coast in neutral on a level surface, eventually the kinetic energy would be converted to heat in the wheel bearings, drivetrain bearings, and at the tire and road surface to bring the vehicle to a complete stop. The brake system provides the means of converting kinetic energy through stationary brake shoes or pads, which press against a rotating surface, generating friction and heat.

The amount of friction produced is proportional to the pressure between the two objects, the composition of the surface material, and surface condition. The greater the pressure applied to the objects, the more friction and heat is produced. The more heat produced by friction, the sooner the vehicle is brought to a stop, which results in stopping control.

Back to the top <<

Basic Brake System

The most widely used brake systems are the foot-operated main brake and manual-type parking brake. The main brake actuates the brake assemblies at each wheel simultaneously using hydraulic pressure. Fluid pressure created at the master cylinder is transmitted to each of the wheel cylinders through brake tubing. The wheel cylinders force the shoes and pads into contact with a drum or rotor turning with the wheels, generating friction and converting kinetic energy to heat energy. A large amount of heat is created, resulting in short-distance stopping and vehicle control. The converted heat is absorbed primarily by the brake rotors/drums and dissipated to the surrounding air.

(brake drum shown)



Back to the top <<

Brake Fade

Brake drums and rotors are forced to absorb a significant amount of heat during braking. Brake fade describes a condition in which more heat is generated than the drums and rotors are capable of dissipating into the surrounding air. For example, during a hard stop the temperature of drums or rotors may increase more than several hundred degrees farenheit in just seconds. It may take 30 seconds to cool these components to the temperature prior to braking. During repeated hard stops, the brakes may overheat, leading to a loss of brake effectiveness or even brake failure.

There are primarily three types of brake fading caused by heat:

Mechanical fade (drum brakes)

Lining fade (drum and disc brakes)

Hydraulic fade (drum and disc brakes)

Mechanical fade occurs when the brake drum overheats and expands away from the brake lining, resulting in increased brake pedal travel without an increase in brake force. Rapidly pumping the pedal will help to keep linings in contact with the drum.

Lining fade affects both drum and disc brakes and occurs when the friction material overheats and its coefficient of friction is reduced. This is called "thermal saturation." When the lining reaches thermal saturation, both friction and the brake assembly's ability to convert added heat are reduced. Hydraulic fade affects both drum and disc brakes and occurs when excessive heat from braking brings the brake fluid to its boiling point. At the boiling point, the fluid near the heat source begins to vaporize (change to a gaseous state). Under pressure, the vapors compress rather than transferring pressure, so overheated brake fluid will not transmit brake pedal pressure to brake calipers/cylinders. Brake fade is the primary reason for weight limits for towing, and for trailer brake requirements for vehicle towing loads that exceed a given trailer weight. The added kinetic energy resulting from increased vehicle mass requires added heat conversion capacity when the brakes are applied.


Disc Brakes assembly Pic: Disc, rotor, caliper, and disc pads are the major components (floating caliper shown).



Back to the top <<

The Disc Brake

A disc brake assembly consists of:

· A cast-iron disc (disc rotor) that rotates with the wheel
· A caliper assembly attached to the steering knuckle
· Friction materials (disc pads) that are mounted in the caliper
· assembly

Hydraulic pressure applied to the caliper piston forces the pad to contact the disc. Braking force is generated by friction between the stationary disc pads and the moving rotor. Disc brakes are less susceptible to pull than drum brakes because they don't use a wedging action to increase brake power. The friction surface is constantly exposed to the air, ensuring good heat dissipation and minimizing brake fade. It also allows for self-cleaning as dust and water are thrown off, reducing friction differences. Unlike drum brakes, disc brakes have limited servo action, making it necessary to apply greater hydraulic pressure to obtain greater braking force. This is accomplished by increasing the size of the caliper piston. The simple design facilitates easy maintenance and pad replacement.



Back to the top <<

Brake Pad

Different brake systems require different kinds of friction material.

Several considerations are weighed in development of brake pads: the coefficient of friction must remain constant over a wide range of temperatures; the brake pads must not wear out rapidly nor should they wear the disc rotors; the pads should withstand the highest temperature without fading, and they should be able to do all this without any noise. Therefore, the material should maximize the good points and minimize the negative points. Materials that make up the brake pad include friction modifiers, powdered metal, binders, fillers, and curing agents. Friction modifiers such as graphite and cashew nut shells alter the friction coefficient. Powdered metals such as lead, zinc, brass, aluminum, and other metals increase a material's resistance to heat fade.

Back to the top <<

Electronic Parking Brake

The Electronic Parking Brake (EPB) has an electric actuator that winds and unwinds
the parking brake cable, applying and releasing the rear wheel-mounted parking
brakes.
In Auto mode, the brake applies and releases automatically as the vehicle is shifted in
and out of Park. The driver can also apply and release the brake using the manual
switch.
The EPB applies automatically under certain conditions, including:
- After 3 minutes of Brake Hold mode
- During Brake Hold, if the:
- Driver's door is opened
- Driver's seat belt is unbuckled
- Trunk lid is opened
- Engine hood is opened
The parking brake actuator includes:
- Motor to wind and unwind cable
- Cable tension sensor
- Emergency release cable (manually unwind cable in case of system failure)
If the system malfunctions, the EPB ECU turns on the brake warning light, displays a
warning message on the multi-information display, and stores a DTC

Back to the top <<

TRAC, EBD, Brake Assist and VSC

Other systems take advantage of basic ABS functions to control additional vehicle operating conditions.
1. Traction Control (TRAC) helps prevent drive wheel spin during acceleration.
a. ABS combined with reduced engine torque output
2. Electronic Brake Force Distribution (EBD) modifies braking force to compensate
for changes in vehicle load.
3. Brake Assist provides extra brake fluid pressure during ?panic stops.?
4. Vehicle Stability Control (VSC) helps prevent skidding or spinning while cornering.
a. ABS, engine torque output, electronically controlled suspension control

Back to the top <<

How to Improve your Fuel Economy

(More information at http://www.fueleconomy.gov/ )

Drive More Efficiently:
• Aggressive driving (speeding and rapid acceleration and braking) can lower your gas mileage by as much as 33% at highway speeds and 5% around town.
• Observe the speed limit-each 5 MPH you drive over 60 MPH can reduce your fuel economy by 7-8%.
• Avoid idling-idling gets 0 miles per gallon!
• Using cruise control on the highway helps you maintain a constant speed and, in most cases, will save gas.

Other Solutions:
• Avoid carrying unneeded items. An extra 100 lbs. can decrease fuel economy by 1- 2%.
• A roof rack or carrier provides additional cargo space and may allow you to meet your needs with a smaller car. However, a loaded roof rack can decrease your fuel economy by 5%. Reduce aerodynamic drag and improve your fuel economy by placing items inside the trunk whenever possible. For more tips and more information about gasoline pricing, visit www.fueleconomy.gov.
• Aggressive driving (speeding and rapid acceleration and braking) can lower your gas mileage by as much as 33% at highway speeds and 5% around town.
• Observe the speed limit-each 5 MPH you drive over 60 MPH can reduce your fuel economy by 7-8%.
• Avoid idling-idling gets 0 miles per gallon!
• Using cruise control on the highway helps

Keep Your Car in Shape:
• Fixing a car that is noticeably out of tune can improve gas mileage by about 4%.
• Keeping tires inflated to the recommended pressure and using the recommended grade of motor oil can improve fuel economy by up to 5%.
The manufacturer's recommended tire pressure can be found on the tire information placard and/or vehicle certification label located on the vehicle door edge, doorpost, glove-box door, or inside the trunk lid.
• Keep your tires aligned and balanced.
• Replacing a clogged air filter can improve gas mileage on older cars with carbureted engines.

Plan and Combine Trips:
• A warmed-up engine is more fuel-efficient than a cold one. Many short trips taken from a cold start can use twice as much fuel as one multipurpose trip covering the same distance.

Note: Letting your car idle to warm-up doesn't help your fuel economy; it actually uses more fuel and creates more pollution.

For more tips and more information about gasoline pricing, visit www.fueleconomy.gov .

Back to the top <<

Tire Side Wall

Size Designation: The tire designation determines the size, load capacity, radial construction and speed rating. The size designation contains information that allows you to determine if a vehicle's tires are equivalent to Toyota specifications.

DOT Label: The DOT certification label is a series of numbers and letters located on the tire's inner sidewall. It indicates a tire's compliance and certification with the Department of Transportation safety standards. This label designates the manufacturer, size, manufacturer code and production date of a tire.


All- Season Designation: This tire feature includes a tread compound that gives better traction in mud and/or snow. An all season designated tire must meet specified RMA (Rubber Manufacturers Association) criteria. All season tires have the following designations on the sidewall M+S, M&S, or M/S.

UTQGS: The uniform Tire Quality Grading System (UTQGS) is a tire based information system designed to help consumers make comparisons among tires. Under the UTQGS, tires are graded by the manufacturers in treadwear, traction and temperature resistance. The UTQGS is not a safety rating it simply gives buyers additional information to combine with other considerations, such as price, brand loyalty and dealer recommendations. The traction grades from highest to lowest "AA", "A" "B" "C". The "C" grade corresponds to the minimum performance required by federal safety standard. Grades "B" and "A" represent higher performance levels than the minimum required by law.

Load & Inflation limits: Tires need proper inflation pressure to operate effectively and perform as intended. The load and inflation limits on the tire sidewall is only the maximum recommended tire inflation pressure. The owners manual and the vehicle door jamb will have the proper tire inflation pressure.

Back to the top <<

Only Replacing Two Tires?

Back to the top <<

Elements of a Tire

1. Tread: The portion of a tire that comes into contact with the road. Tread is distinguished by its design and rubber compound.
2. Carcass: The body of the tire located beneath the tread and sidewalls; also called casing.
3. Belts: A rubber- coated layer of cords that is located between the body plies and the tread rubber. Cords may be made from steel, fiberglass, rayon, nylon, polyester or other fabrics.
4. Bead wires: A round hoop of steel wires that is shaped to fit the rim around which the tires body piles are wrapped and which serves to hold the tire into the rim.
5. Sidewall: The portion of a tire between the tread and the bead.


Back to the top <<

The Effects of Over and Under Inflation

Advantages of Correct Tire Inflation: Maintaining correct tire inflation pressure maximizes tires performance and fuel economy. Correct tire inflation pressure allows drivers to experience tire comfort, durability and performance designed to match the needs to their vehicles.

Disadvantages of Underinflation: An underinflated tire cannot maintain its shape and becomes flatter than intended while in contact with the road. If a vehicle's tires are underinflated by only 6 psi it could weaken the tire's internal structure and eventually lead to tire failure. Lower inflation pressures will allow more deflection as the tire rolls. This increases rolling resistance (causing a reduction in fuel economy of up to 5%) and reduces the tire's tread life by as much as 25% while increasing the probability of irregular treadwear. Drivers would also find a noteworthy loss of steering and cornering precision. While 6 psi doesn't seem low, it represents 20% of a passenger car tire's recommended pressure.

Disadvantages of Overinflation: An overinflated tire is stiff and the size of its footprint in contact with the road is reduced. If a vehicles tires are overinflated by 6psi, they could be damaged easier when encountering potholes or road debris. Furthermore, higher inflation pressures cause irregular tire tread wear and cause the vehicle to ride harsher transmit more noise to its interior.


Back to the top <<

Visual Tire Wear Inspection Items

Underinflation: Tire underinflation wear is described as excessive tread wear at both the inside and outside edges of the tire. With too low an inflation pressure the tread surface becomes concave and a greater load is placed on the edges of the tread than on the center. Some shoulder/ edge wear is typical on the front of FWD cars as a result of the forces created when turning and weight distribution on these vehicles. Proper tire rotation will generally minimize this wear.

Causes:
1. low inflation
2. lack of regular tire rotation
3. consistent overloading


Overinflation: Tire overinflation is tread wear at the center of the tire only. The high inflation pressure results in a convex tread surface in which the center of the tires tread takes on the greatest load. The rear tires of trucks and other rigid axle vehicles exhibit similar tread wear. A regular tire rotation minimizes this effect.

Causes:
1. High inflation pressure
2. Lack of regular tire rotation


Shoulder Wear: Individual shoulder wear describes excessive tread loss from one shoulder of a tire. This wear can occur at one or both tires on an axle pair. Wear at both outside shoulders of the front tires is a characteristic of excessive toe-in with radial tires or excessive high speed cornering. Wear at both inside shoulders of the front tires is a characteristic of excessive toe-out or insufficient toe.

Causes:
1. Toe error
2. High speed cornering


Feathered Wear: Tire feathered wear is best defined as a saw tooth pattern across the tire's tread surface. Feathering is generally caused by toe errors as the tire is forced to slip sideways as the vehicle moves forward. This wear pattern was more prevalent with bias tire designs. Excessive toe-in results in tread that is laid outward from the center of the vehicle. Individual tires showing a feathered edge may indicate a turning angle problem.

Causes:
1. toe error (bias tires)
2. turning angle errors


Edge wear: When Edge wear or shoulder wear retains a sharp edge where the tread meets the sidewall is a characteristic of camber error. Edge wear error occurs when one side of the tire actually turns faster than the other; resulting in tread slippage and rapid wear. Tread wear at the inside edge alone indicates excessive negative camber and tread wear at the outside edge alone indicates excessive positive camber. Vehicles with high positive caster could experience this type of wear at both tread edges from primarily urban driving.

Causes:
1. Camber error
2. High caster/ urban driving Lack of regular tire rotation


Cupping wear: Cupping wear describes spotty or rough wear caused by tread slippage at regular intervals. Anything that causes the tire's tread to wobble or move as it contacts the road surface may cause cupping.

Causes:
1. Wheeler balance and run out
2. Worn or loose suspension components Worn or loose steering components brake components tire flat spot or internal problem


Heel & Toe Wear: Heel and toe wear describes partial wear of individual tread blocks on the tire, they appear as sawtooth wear in the direction of the tire rotation. The tread blocks slip momentarily as the tread leaves the pavement. As the leading edge of the tread block leaves the pavement the trailing edge or heel cannot resist the force applied to it and slippage results. This pattern of tire wear is common on non-drive wheels and can often be corrected by more frequent rotation.

Causes:
1. Toe error soft tread compounds
2. Tread block squirm (lack of rigidity, all season tires most common)
3. Lack of tire rotation


Diagonal wear: A tires diagonal wear describes a condition which cupping appears diagonally across the tread surface. When operating at high slip angles the entire tread surface cannot resist the twisting forces applied to it and slippage occurs much like heel and toe wear. In fact, heel and toe wear may degenerate into diagonal wear.

Causes:
1. Rear toe/ thrust error soft tread compounds
2. Tread block squirm


Back to the top <<

Tire Pressure Monitoring System

The Tire Pressure Monitoring System alerts driver if a tire pressure falls below threshold. Thresholds are set by the Toyota technician when system is initialized during PDS, so it is essential that the technician be able to perform procedure correctly.

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) requires automobile manufacturers to install a system that can detect when one or more of the vehicle's tires are 25% or more below recommended inflation pressure. Phase-in of this Federal regulation began in 2005.

As of 2008 model year, the regulation applies to all new 4-wheel vehicles weighing 10,000 pounds or less. Many of the TPMS operating characteristics are established in this regulation, including its designation as "Tire Pressure Monitoring System."


Back to the top <<

Tire Pressure Monitoring Tools

Back to the top <<

Frequently Asked Questions

What is my tire size?
Knowing your tire size can help save time and make an informed tire purchase. The tires sidewall contains information that allows you to determine if a vehicles tires are equivalent to Toyota factory specifications. Your vehicles manufacturer recommended tire is found in the door jamb on any Toyota vehicle. The following information is available on the sidewall of a passenger car tire:

a) size designation and service description
b) load and inflation limits
c) DOT certification and production date
d) all season designation

What should I look for in a tire?
Drivers should look for a tire which best suits your driving requirements. Tires are manufactured for almost every requirement; wet or dry traction, high mileage, high speed control, steering response, ride comfort etc. Our valued Toyota service advisor professionals will be able to counsel you of product features and benefits.

How can I tell when it is time to replace my old tires?
Most automobile tires have a built-in tread wear indicator in the tread area of the tire. This wear indicator will show when there are 2/32' remaining on the tread. Depending on your driving habits or conditions you should replace the tire no later than when the wear indicator is visible.

How much should I pay for tires?
Costs for tires depends on many factors. In some cases, consumers find very low priced tires, however, these tires are built using old technology and they do not carry the same warranties as other available products. Furthermore, the ride and comfort of the vehicle will suffer when very low priced tires don't meet Toyota factory specifications are of choice. We offer tire products in economy, mid-range and premium categories. It is always recommended you seek advise of the service advisor.

My brother-in-law says he can mount my tires so why should I visit Toyota?
Unless your brother-in-law is a Toyota certified or ASE trained installer with access to the proper equipment it is not advisable to have him mount your tires. Improperly mounted tires can cause wear problems and shorten the life of your tires and put additional stress on power train and engine parts. More importantly, a tire and wheel assembly not mounted properly could come apart with explosive force causing injury.

How important is a tire's treadwear rating?
When choosing a new set of tires, the treadwear rating offers no guarantee of the mileage a customer will get. Weather, driving habits, road conditions, alignment and tire maintenance all affect tread life. The treadwear rating merely lets a customer compare the potential life of different tires. Also, these ratings may be interpreted differently by different tire manufacturers. Refer to the appropriate Warranty and Services Guide for specific tire manufacturer limited warranty.


Back to the top <<

Diagram

Back to the top <<

Blinking Park Lights

A blinking PARK light indicates a problem or malfunction in the parking lock system.

Back to the top <<

Frequently Asked Questions

How do I reset the "Maint Reqd" light located on the instrument panel?

This procedure should be used to reset the light when maintenance has been performed:

1) Turn ignition switch to the ON position.

2) Set the Odometer/Trip Display to the ODO mode

3) Turn the ignition switch to the OFF position.

4) Depress and HOLD the Trip Meter RESET button while turning the ignition switch to the ON position.

5) The Service Maintenance Reminder Light will:
a. Illuminate solidly for 3 seconds.
b. Blink for 2 seconds.
c. Illuminate solidly for 1 second.
d. Turn off.

6) Release the Trip Meter RESET button.

7) Turn the ignition to the OFF position.

8) Turn the ignition to the ON position, and confirm that the Service Maintenance Reminder Light goes out.

NOTE: If the light continues blinking in step 5a, turn the ignition off, and repeat the procedure from step 1.

Back to the top <<

Hybrid Driving Modes

Depending on model, hybrid vehicles may have up to five driver-selectable driving
modes:
- Normal
- PWR ? Provides more responsive throttle for stronger accelerator response
- ECO
- EV
- Snow
Normal is the default mode as delivered from the factory. Other available mode(s) may
be selected by pressing the appropriate switch.
When the ignition is cycled, the modes typically default as follows:
- PWR ? OFF (normal mode)
- ECO ? whatever position was formerly selected
- EV ? OFF (normal mode)
- Snow ? OFF (normal mode)

Back to the top <<

ECO Mode

When ECO mode is selected, the hybrid control system balances driving performance,
air conditioning performance, and fuel economy. The ECO mode will provide better
fuel economy if the vehicle is driven in the same manner as in normal mode.
The driver may notice a less responsive throttle (more pressure required for
acceleration). The hybrid control system increases the speed of the battery cooling fan
and optimizes air conditioning performance by:
- Reducing blower speed in AUTO mode
- Reducing compressor speed
- Reducing ventilation loss by switching air inlet to REC when ambient temperature
is above a specified temperature
- Increasing engine OFF time by reducing the engine coolant temperature threshold
for starting the engine during heating
ECO mode is cancelled when DEF is selected, but resumes when DEF is turned OFF.
Note: Hybrid ECO mode should not be confused with the operation of the ECO
indicator lamp on some non-hybrid models. The ECO indicator lamp simply provides a
visual clue to the customer that they are driving the vehicle in an economical manner.

Back to the top <<

EV Mode

In EV mode, the vehicle is driven using only MG2 (and MGR, if equipped) to reduce
noise and limit exhaust emissions. This mode does not improve fuel economy, and in
fact frequent use of EV mode may reduce fuel economy.
The driving range in this mode will vary by driving condition and the HV battery state
of charge (SOC). Usually it will be between a few hundred yards to less than a mile.
If the EV mode is selected and any of the operating parameters are not met, a
message will be displayed on the multi-information display to inform the driver that the
EV mode cannot be entered. If conditions change during operation in EV mode, the
mode will automatically be cancelled. Typical cancellation parameters include:
- SOC falls below 50% (4 bars indicated)
- Vehicle speed goes above 25 mph
- The accelerator pedal is depressed too far
- HV battery becomes too warm

Back to the top <<

Smart Entry and Ignition Key

Back to the top <<

Smart Ignition Components

Back to the top <<

Push Button Start system Diagram

Back to the top <<

Bluetooth

Bluetooth wireless technology enables multiple cell phones to interact with vehicle
through a radio link with range of 10 meters.
Bluetooth allows customers to use their cell phone hands-free in the vehicle. The
antenna is located in the multi-information display.
Up to four different phones can be used (?paired?) per vehicle. Each phone must be:
- Compatible with the Toyota Bluetooth system
- Paired (linked) to the specific vehicle (see Toyota.com for pairing procedure)
On vehicles equipped with the Toyota Navigation System, additional hands-free
functions are available ? such as 1-touch dial to navigation system points of interest.

Back to the top <<

Bluetooth Phone Compatibility

Current list of compatible phones available at http://www.toyota.com/connect/ . Site also provides FAQs for
latest issues.
Not all Bluetooth-capable cell phones will offer complete functionality within a
Bluetooth Toyota vehicle. Even tested compatible phone performance will vary based
on phone software version, coverage, and wireless carrier.

Back to the top <<

Bluetooth Pairing

Back to the top <<

Making Calls with voice Recognition

Back to the top <<

Hard Disk Drive

Back to the top <<

Sound Library

Back to the top <<

Dynamic Radar Cruise Control

Vehicle-to-vehicle distance control mode is default mode. Driver sets both desired
speed and desired vehicle-to-vehicle range (short, medium, long). There are four
general states of system operation: constant speed control, deceleration control,
follow-up control, and acceleration.
For constant speed control (no vehicle ahead), the Driving Support ECU works with
the ECM (controlling ETCS-i) to achieve and maintain set speed.

Back to the top <<

Follow-Up Control

For follow-up control, based on the driver?s selected vehicle-to-vehicle range and
forward-reading laser or radar sensor signal, system controls throttle and brakes to
maintain desired distance between Toyota vehicle and vehicle ahead.
To avoid excessive use of brakes (such as when driving downhill), the Driving Support
ECU can signal the ECT ECU to shift transmission to lower gear range.

Back to the top <<

Acceleration Control

For acceleration control, when the lane ahead becomes clear, system controls throttle to resume desired speed.

Back to the top <<

Navigation

Toyota Navigation

Navigation and other system functions can be controlled through four methods,
depending on model:
- Physical switches installed in the instrument panel surrounding the display screen.
- Display switches illuminated on the touch screen. Active switches are shown in
color and illuminated on the screen. When a switch is transparent (clear or
?grayed out?), it is inactive and not available for selection.
- Remote Touch assembly installed on center console. Remote Touch is similar to
the mouse on a computer. It allows the driver to navigate through menus without
reaching out to touch the display screen.
- Voice recognition of spoken commands. A limited number of navigation
commands are available through voice recognition.

-Click here for a video tutorial on your specific Toyota.

Back to the top <<

Navigation ECU

Back to the top <<

Global Positioning System

Back to the top <<

Map Matching

Back to the top <<

Dead Reckoning

Back to the top <<

NavTraffic

NavTraffic overlays traffic information on the navigation road map. Function is part of
optional SDAR (Satellite Digital Audio Receiver) system.
Shows traffic conditions between current location and destination.
- Highways supported by the system are color-coded to indicate directional traffic
flow speed.
- Accidents, road construction, or other incidents are shown with icon at location of
incident.
- Information related to incident available: precise location, lanes affected, and
predicted duration.
NavTraffic currently serves 44 major metropolitan markets.
Current list of supported markets available at www.xmradio.com.

Back to the top <<

Destination Menu

Back to the top <<

HomeLink

Back to the top <<

Audio Control

CD Audio Recording

Back to the top <<

Audio Playback

Back to the top <<

Manage Albums

Back to the top <<

Misc.

Compression and Expansion

Compression: When a refrigerant is compressed temperature increases.
Expansion: When pressure is reduced, temperature decreases.


Temperature isn't the only factor that affects vaporization and condensation. Pressure changes the temperature at which substances move between liquid and gas. Under pressure, it's much harder for molecules to vibrate apart, so they condense into a liquid at a much higher temperature. In one step of the refrigeration cycle, the A/C system compresses the refrigerant until it becomes a liquid. In this step, condensation happens at a much higher temperature than it would if the refrigerant wasn't compressed.

Once the refrigerant is compressed into a liquid, it's allowed to expand into a low pressure space within the evaporator. When this happens, an interesting and useful thing occurs. When the pressure is released, the molecules expand and quickly cool down to their normal boiling point. The normal boiling point for most refrigerants is about -20ºF. The A/C system uses this rapid drop in temperature to cool the air passing through the evaporator.

Back to the top <<

Cooling System Components

Automotive A/C is achieved by the circulation of a refrigerant in a closed system. In this system, refrigerant evaporates to a gas and then condenses back again to a liquid in a continuous cycle. The completion of one cycle consists of:


Back to the top <<

Vaporization, Condensation, Compression, and Expansion

The primary components in an automotive A/C system that allow the cooling process to occur are:

• Compressor - creates the pressure that heats the refrigerant gas and drives the refrigeration cycle. (Process: Compression)

• Condenser - heat exchanger that allows the pressurized refrigerant to turn into a liquid. Though liquid, the refrigerant is still hot. (Process: Condensation)

• Expansion Valve - creates the restriction that keeps refrigerant pressurized on the high pressure side. A small opening allows refrigerant to escape into the low-pressure side of the system. As it does, it expands, becoming a cool mist. (Process: Expansion)

• Evaporator - heat exchanger that allows heat from the air to convert the refrigerant droplets into gas. This absorbs heat from the air, making it colder. (Process: Vaporization)

• Receiver-Drier - acts as a storage tank and filter. It also contains a desiccant that absorbs and traps moisture that can cause ice blockages and corrode components. In earlier vehicles, the receiver-drier is a separate component. In Toyota vehicles, it is integrated with the condenser.


What A/C problems do you encounter most often?

Answer: Based on warranty data and technical assistance calls, compressor and compressor clutch problems make up the vast majority of air conditioning issues.

Back to the top <<

Steering System Basics

The driver controls the direction of the vehicle through the steering system. The steering system should provide:

• Excellent maneuverability
• Proper steering effort
• Smooth recovery from a turn
• Minimal transmission of road shock

Steering Gears: The rotary motion of the steering wheel is transferred into lateral motion by the steering gear. The steering gear also provides a gear reduction, which reduces the effort required to turn the wheels.

This design is compact, lightweight, and more responsive than other steering gear designs. A pinion gear is splined to the steering column shaft. The pinion gear is meshed to the rack gear. A rack guide forces the pinion gear and rack gear tightly together. Turning the steering wheel rotates the steering shaft and the pinion gear, causing the rack gear to move left or right. This movement transfers directly through the steering linkage to the wheels. The spacing of the teeth on the rack gear is wider toward the center and closer together near the ends of the rack gear. This varies the effort needed to turn the wheels. The result is less steering effort at the extremes of rack travel.


Steering Linkage: The lateral motion created by the steering gear is transferred to the wheels by the steering linkage.

The rack and pinion steering linkage uses very few components. This results in a more responsive feel with less parts that can wear out. It consists of inner tie rods and outer tie rod ends. The inner tie rods are ball and socket type joint. They are threaded onto the steering gear at end and to an outer tie rod end at the other. The inner tie rods are located under the rack bellows and socket joint, similar to a ball joint, on the other, This provides an adjustable connection to the steering knuckle.

Back to the top <<

Power Assist Steering Systems

Toyota vehicles are equipped with an integral power assist steering system that uses pressurized fluid to provide acceptable steering effort at low speed. The assist system consists of a:

• Pump that delivers up to 1200 PSI of fluid pressure
• Steering gear with an integral power cylinder
• Control valve assembly
• Reinforced hoses

Back to the top <<

Fundamental Hydraulics

Force is the capacity to do work or cause change. Hydraulic force is measured in pounds per square inch (PSI). 100 PSI applied to a one square inch piston results in 100 pounds of output force. Changing the piston size in a simple hydraulic system will multiply the force. If 100 PSI is applied to a two square inch piston, the outcome is 200 pounds of force.

Fluid, unlike gas, cannot be compressed and will remain constant, even under pressure. For a hydraulic system to contain pressure it must be closed. Without confined no pressure can exist. Pascal's law states the pressure in a closed system is applied equally to all points within that system, no matter the volume of fluid. In a closed hydraulic system, a piston will move if a difference of pressure exists on its external surface. If equal pressure exists on the surface of the piston, it will not move.

Power assist steering systems are based on controlling the pressure, flow volume, and location of pressure differential.


Electric Power Steering (EPS) provides power assist even when the engine is stopped. It also improves fuel economy, because it is lightweight and the DC motor consumes energy only when power assist is required.

Because EPS does not depend on the engine for its power, steering feel is not affected when the hybrid vehicle is driven with the engine off.

EPS uses a DC motor mounted either within the steering rack or on the steering column. EPS requires a relatively high DC voltage:

• Some EPS systems have a dedicated EPS DC-DC converter that receives high voltage from the HV battery circuit and converts it to a relatively lower voltage for use by the EPS motor.
• In other EPS systems, the power steering ECU steps up voltage from the auxiliary battery.




What are some common reasons why the "BRAKE" indicator light is illuminated?

1) The "Brake" indicator light will illuminate if the parking brake is not fully released. The driver may check if the parking brake is fully released. Sometimes the parking brake seems to be released, but it may need be held for a little while before it really releases. The customer can also repeat applying and releasing the parking brake, while parked, as they may have not released the parking brake completely.

2) The light will also be on if the brake fluid is slightly lower than allowed. That is usually an indication that the brake pads are worn and need service soon.

3) The worst-case scenario is that the brake system is leaking fluid, which could lead to hydraulic failure resulting in no braking power. The driver would feel the brake pedal become spongy, and braking power required would steadily decrease or become more difficult. The driver should not drive the vehicle in this situation. The vehicle should be towed and repaired. Additional diagnostics that may be performed by the dealer include: parking brake adjustment, parking brake warning switch, parking brake warning switch wiring harness and connected components, brake fluid-level warning switch, brake fluid-level warning switch wiring harness and connected components.

Without an oil filter, oil will become saturated with contaminants causing internal parts to wear prematurely. Oil filters help your car run better longer by maintaining a clean, well-performing engine. Changing the oil filter in your vehicle regularly is an essential part of engine maintenance.


The term "telematics" means wireless 2-way communication with the vehicle for sending, receiving, and storing information. Each vehicle has a unique access number used by the call center. The system includes GPS, XM satellite radio, cellular technology, a call center, and vehicle components and provides:

• Safety and security services called Safety Connect™
• Premium convenience services called Toyota Entune™

Safety Connect provides emergency call services by transmitting data and audio to the vehicle through a cellular network. Services include:
• Automatic Collision Notification (ACN)
• Stolen Vehicle Location (SVL)
• Emergency Assistance (SOS Button)
• Enhanced Roadside Assistance


Safety Connect hardware will become standard equipment on all Toyota models (except SC). Safety Connect does not require a navigation system. At new vehicle purchase, customers receive a complimentary limited-time subscription to Safety Connect services. After the complimentary period expires, the subscription may be renewed at the customer's expense.




Toyota Entune provides owners with premium convenience services by transmitting information to the vehicle through a cellular network and XM® satellite radio. This information is displayed on the navigation system's multi display. A Toyota Entune subscription also includes Safety Connect service. Available services may be limited by geographic location, but include:

• Destination Assist
• eDestination
• Toyota Insider
• Maintenance Minder
• Voice Command
• XM NavTraffic™
• XM NavWeather™
• XM Stocks
• XM Sports

Toyota Entune hardware is included on vehicles with a navigation system (except SC). At new vehicle purchase, customers receive a complimentary limited-time subscription to Toyota Entune services. After the complimentary period expires, the subscription may be renewed at the customer's expense.


Must have customer's hand-held transmitter.
1. If this is first time for vehicle HomeLink® programming, erase factory default codes.

Press and hold the two outside buttons.
Release both buttons when the LED begins to flash (in about 20 seconds).
This process erases any programming on all three buttons.
Only do this if you are sure it is first time buttons are being programmed in this vehicle.

2. Keeping indicator light in view, hold end of hand-held transmitter about 2-5 inches away from HomeLink®.

3. Using both hands, simultaneously press button on hand-held transmitter and HomeLink® button.

Do not release the buttons until next step is complete.

4. Hold down both buttons until HomeLink® indicator light flashes, first slowly and then rapidly. When indicator light flashes rapidly, both buttons may be released.

5. To program additional buttons, repeat steps 2-4.

Back to the top <<

VDIM Overview

Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management (VDIM)
1. Separate systems were using the same sensors and actuators to control slightly
different aspects of vehicle dynamic driveability.
2. VDIM integrates systems ? enhancing vehicle?s ability to go, stop, turn.
a. VDIM addresses vehicle stability well before the loss-of-control threshold
approaches.
b. Instead of waiting until wheels are about to slip, VDIM begins
countermeasures beforehand.
c. Overall smoother vehicle operation, expanded vehicle dynamic driveability
threshold ? more fun to drive

Back to the top <<

Advanced Parking Guidance Systems (APGS)

The optional advanced parking guidance system controls the steering to assist the
driver with perpendicular and parallel parking. The multi display shows a rear view of
the vehicle, and the system provides voice guidance.
When the driver shifts into reverse position, the multi display switches to a screen
where the driver can adjust the target parking position.
The system calculates the target parking position using signals from ultrasonic
sensors on both sides of the front bumper.
Self-diagnosis for this system is accessed through the multi display panel (similar to
navigation diagnosis).

Precautions for Advanced Parking Guidance System usage:
- Do not rely entirely on the parking assist. When backing up, drive the vehicle as carefully as you
would drive one that is not equipped with the parking assist.
- Back up slowly, using the brake pedal to adjust the speed.
- If the vehicle appears about to come into contact with an adjacent vehicle or pedestrian, press the
brake pedal to bring the vehicle to a stop. Then, cancel the parking assist by pressing the stop
switch on the screen.
- When the system is operating in the parking assist mode, the steering wheel will turn
automatically. Maintain a proper driving posture without allowing a necktie, jewelry, or your arms to
get caught, or long finger nails to come in contact with the steering wheel. Do not allow children to
come close to the steering wheel.
- Operate the system only in a parking area containing parking frames partitioned with white lines.
- Never attempt to back up the vehicle only by observing the screen. If you do so, you could
unexpectedly crash the vehicle or cause an accident because the image on the screen could differ
from the actual situation. While backing up, also make sure to use the inside and outside rear view
mirrors in order to directly verify the safety of the rear and surrounding areas.
- Do not expose the television camera to a strong impact or force, as it will alter the orientation of
the camera and cause improper operation. Because the adjustment of the orientation of the
camera requires special tools, make sure to have it performed at a dealer.
- Operate the system only with the luggage compartment doors completely closed.
- Do not operate the system on a slippery surface such as a frozen or snowy road, or when using
tire chains. Doing so could unexpectedly cause the vehicle to crash or become involved in an
accident.

Back to the top <<

Frequently Asked Questions

What does Toyota recommend for the engine break-in period?

The engine of your new Toyota vehicle is made with industry-leading precision and quality. As a result, the break-in procedures listed in the Owner's Manual for a brand-new Toyota are optional. While following these procedures may help to optimize engine performance and engine longevity over the life of the engine, these potential benefits are marginal compared to the benefits that result from ensuring that recommended maintenance is performed as scheduled.

What is the factory recommendation to have the timing belt replaced?

Our timing belts have been very reliable. However, the timing belt is subjected to severe stress if the vehicle is operated under extensive idling or low speed driving for long distances, such as in heavy commercial use such as delivery, taxi or patrol car. If the timing belt breaks, the engine will stop running and will not restart until it is repaired. While it is possible that the original timing belt may last the life of the above engines, for peace-of-mind, the timing belt may be replaced every 90,000 miles. Also, if major engine work is performed, such as a valve job or engine rebuild, the timing belt should be replaced.


What should be done to a Toyota vehicle to prepare it for long-term storage?

Before storing car: Change engine oil; change engine coolant if due during time of expected length of storage; fill up fuel tank; wash vehicle using high-pressure water or steam to clean underneath. Rub the leather seat surfaces with an approved leather cleaner and allow to dry in a ventilated, shaded area. Check underneath the floor mats to ensure the carpet is dry. If there are any paint chips, have them repaired. (Customer should be aware that Toyota recommends operating the A/C compressor once a month to ensure proper lubrication. If the vehicle is stored for a long time, it could be detrimental to the compressor.) When storing car: Operate engine at normal operating temperature for 15 minutes prior to shutting off the engine. Disconnect negative battery cable. (If applicable, radio may lock up.) Leave parking brake off. Put vehicle up on blocks. If stored in a temperate, ventilated garage, windows can be left cracked slightly open. Cover vehicle. When bringing vehicle out of storage: Charge battery and reconnect negative battery cable. Check and add underhood fluid levels as needed. Check and inflate tires to correct pressures before taking vehicle off blocks. After starting engine, observe warning lights. If any remain illuminated, have issue addressed by Toyota dealer as appropriate. Check brake pedal for normal feel (height and firmness) before shifting transmission. Take vehicle to a Toyota dealer for general inspection.


Does the Owner's Manual state the minimum required maintenance for my Toyota?

Maintaining your Toyota vehicle according to the recommendations in the Warranty and Services Guide Scheduled Maintenance Log is required to ensure that your warranty coverage remains intact. Your Toyota dealer may recommend more frequent maintenance intervals or more maintenance services than those listed in the Warranty and Services Guide. These additional services are not required to maintain your warranty coverage. Please ask your dealer for an explanation of any recommended maintenance not included in the Scheduled Maintenance Log.


How do I clean the interior and exterior of my Toyota?

You don't need to take your vehicle to a car wash to keep it looking beautiful. By using the right products, you can clean the exterior, the wheels and even the leather interior. You'll find detailed instructions in the attached PDF.

Click here to download Maintenance and Care - Exterior, Interior and Wheel Care PDF


What's the best way to take care of my Toyota?

Regular maintenance can help keep your vehicle at its peak performance while averting more serious repairs down the line. When you purchase a Toyota, your dealer will give you several booklets that contain detailed maintenance instructions. For more maintenance information, read the attached PDF. You can also visit your specific model's "Service & Maintenance" page on Toyota.com, where you can find your full maintenance guide.




What should be used to clean the carpet?

Toyota recommends the use of Scotchguard™-type products on polyester material to help repel fluids, which could help keep liquids from soaking in and drying between the polyester fibers. Scotchguard™-type treatments are applied to the surface and will wear off at some point. For more information on carpet care for your vehicle, please contact your nearest Toyota dealer.


What should be used to clean fingerprints on the navigation screen?

Use an eyeglass-cleaning cloth for cleaning fingerprints from the screen. Do not use any cleaner containing ammonia.


Is it possible to experience a different fuel-consumption rate than the EPA estimates?

Yes. There is no single test that can simulate all possible combinations of climate, driver behavior and car-care habits. The actual vehicle mileage depends on factors such as how, when and where the vehicle is driven. Beginning with the 2008 model year, the EPA applies different correction factors to all vehicles to determine the city and highway fuel economy estimates. By doing so, 2008 model year fuel economy estimates will be lower for most vehicles than they were before.


Which fuel grade should I use for my Toyota vehicle?

Toyota recommends Premium Unleaded Fuel for all 2008 and newer model year vehicles. For older models, please consult your Owner's Manual for recommended fuel requirements.


Where is the best place to quickly find the vehicle identification number (VIN) on my vehicle?

The VIN is printed on the certificate label located on the front driver's-side doorjamb. There is also a VIN plate located on the lower dashboard (closest to the windshield on the driver's side).


Can I use synthetic engine oil in my Toyota vehicle during its break-in period?

Synthetic oil can be used at the first scheduled oil change. Please note that the use of synthetic oil does not extend the recommended oil change intervals. Please refer to the Toyota Warranty and Services Guide for further information regarding the proper maintenance schedule for your specific vehicle. If synthetic oil is used after that time, it should be the same SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) weight specification and meet or exceed the API (American Petroleum Institute) grade specifications listed in the Owner's Manual. Even if synthetic oil is used, we do not recommend longer oil change intervals. Once synthetic oil is used, it is best not to switch back to petroleum-based oil.


What are HID headlamps?

High-Intensity Discharge (HID) headlamps with dynamic auto leveling use an advanced "discharge" principle. Inside the headlamp bulb, mercury vaporizes under heat and discharges arcs, causing metal atoms enclosed in the light bulb to emit light. HID headlamps produce light that closely approximates a solar or "daytime" color. They also provide twice the light of halogen bulbs, yet consume 30 percent less power. For a full listing of Toyota products available with HID headlamps, please visit the Innovation section on Toyota.com.


When the system is set on Recirculation Mode, does "fresh air" still enter the vehicle?

The air conditioning system is designed to allow up to approximately 10% of the air coming from the air vents to be fresh air from the outside. The exact amount of fresh air entering the vehicle on recirculation mode will vary. If the A/C system is turned on in the AUTO mode, then the A/C ECU switches the air intake ducting between "fresh," "fresh and recirculation mix" or "recirculation" according to the required outlet air temperature that the ECU calculates. This calculation is based on the temperature that is dialed in with the control knob, the interior air temperature and the operating conditions.


What causes vapor/steam to emit from the air conditioner vents?

On humid days, water vapor in the air may condense and freeze inside the air conditioning evaporator. A minimal level of frost in the evaporator does not affect cooling airflow. If enough ice builds up in the evaporator, it will reduce or block cooling airflow. This would usually be on an extended drive rather than a short trip. If the evaporator freezes up, or if the A/C button is turned off, the ice will melt. The A/C can be turned back on after 10 or 15 minutes and should blow cold again. In order to minimize freezing of the evaporator, the A/C system can be run on Recirculation Mode and the temp can be set at a level of, say, 72 degrees, with the fan at a medium range. Also, a dealer may check the A/C system to ensure that the evaporator condensation drain is clear.


What type of power steering fluid is used in Toyota vehicles?

Dexron III transmission fluid is used in Toyota power-steering systems, except for electric power-steering systems.


Can an odometer be repaired?

The odometer is not designed to be repaired. If it is not working as designed, it needs to be replaced.


What size battery is used in Toyota remote keys?

The current model Toyota vehicles use CR1632 and CR1616 Panasonic batteries, which can be obtained through a Toyota dealer.

Back to the top <<

Toyota 2011 Oil Change Intervals

RECOMMENDED MAINTENANCE INTERVALS

Even if your Toyota is running properly, we recommend servicing your vehicle every 5000 (0w-20 motor oil) miles to check fluid levels, rotate tires, change your oil and inspect items like the brake pads and accessory drive belts.

*Maintenance light blinks at ever 4500 miles and stays on at every 5000 miles as a reminder to service your vehicle. Refer to owner's manual on how to reset light.

SYNTHETIC OIL CHANGE INTERVALS

Synthetic oil (0w-20) lasts longer, which means you'll have to change your oil less frequently. See the chart below to determine the correct change intervals for the synthetic oil in your Toyota.